CARBOHYDRATES
CHO- Main source of energy.
Simple- fast burning
Complex- slow burning, last longer
Sugars, Starches, Fiber (helps digestion)
Glucose- Basic sugar produced by plants.
Diabetes- illness which a person's body cannot regulate blood glucose. Pancreas
produces a hormone, Insulin, which is needed.
Sugar- 2 forms
Monosaccharides- simplest form, made of 1 saccharide.
Disaccharide- sugar made from 2 monosaccharides.
Kinds of Sugars-
Glucose- made by plants (mono) also known as blood sugar
Fructose- sugar found in fruits (mono)
Sucrose- table sugar, found in sugar cane, sugar beets (disaccharide)
Lactose- milk sugar (disaccharide)
Maltose- sugar found in cereals and sprouting grains (disaccharide)
Dextrose- corn sugar (disaccharide)
Starches- Polysaccharides- made of 10 or more monosaccharides.
2 starch structures-
Amylase single chain
rice, wheat, flour
Amylopectin- branched
potato
Fiber- Cellulose- found in breads, cereals, fruits, vegetables.
Helps in digestion- keeps waste soft. May reduce the risk of cancer.
Man-Made Sweeteners
Aspartame, Saccharin
Foods high in carbohydrates include breads, pastas, beans, potatoes, bran, rice, and cereals. Most such foods are high in starch. Carbohydrates require less water to digest than proteins or fats and are the most common source of energy in living things. Proteins and fat are necessary building components for body tissue and cells, and are also a source of energy for most organisms.
Carbohydrates are not essential nutrients in humans: the body can obtain all its energy from protein and fats. However, the brain and neurons generally cannot burn fat and need glucose for energy; the body can make some glucose from a few of the amino acids in protein and also from the glycerol backbone in triglycerides.Carbohydrate contains 15.8 kilojoules (3.75 kilocalories) and proteins 16.8 kilojoules (4 kilocalories) per gram, respectively, while fats contain 37.8 kilojoules (9 kilocalories) per gram. In the case of protein, this is somewhat misleading as only some amino acids are usable for fuel. Likewise, in humans, only some carbohydrates are usable for fuel, as in many monosaccharides and some disaccharides. Other carbohydrate types can be used, but only with the assistance of gut bacteria. Ruminants and termites can even process cellulose, which is indigestible to other organisms.
Classification
Carbohydrates can be classified as simple (monosaccharides and disaccharides) or complex (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). The term complex carbohydrate was first used in the Senate Select Committee publication Dietary Goals for the United States (1977), where it denoted "fruit, vegetables and whole-grains".[9]Dietary guidelines generally recommend that complex carbohydrates, and such nutrient-rich simplecarbohydrate sources such as fruit (glucose or fructose) and dairy products (lactose) make up the bulk ofcarbohydrate consumption. This excludes such sources of simple sugars as candy and sugary drinks.